Effective Modern C++:bind and lambda

Function binding

std::bind can create a function which is binded to another one:

void originalFunc(int a, double b, string c)
{
	cout << a << " " << b << " " << c.c_str() << endl;
}//original function, to be binded

void main()
{
  	//Newly binded function, created by bind function
  	auto newlyBindedFunc = bind(originalFunc, 
                                placeholders::_2, 
                                10.5,
                                placeholders::_1);
	newlyBindedFunc("Hello world",2);//call the new func
        originalFunc(2,10.5,"Hello world");//the same result
}

We can see that calling

newlyBindedFunc(“Hello world”,2)

is exactly the same as calling

originalFunc(2,10.5,”Hello world”);

So the bind function is just remapping the input arguments:

Just as the above diagram shows, using the bind in this case,

the 1st argument of newlyBindedFunc is mapped to the 2nd(std::placeholders::_2) undefined input argument of originalFunc: in this case the 3rd input argument of originalFunc : string c.

the 2nd argument of newlyBindedFunc is mapped to the 1st(std::placeholders::_1) undefined input argument of originalFunc: in this case the 1st input argument of originalFunc : int a.

the 2nd argument(double b) of originalFunc is already defined by std::bind as 10.5

Move things into Closure

Sometimes copy a object into a closure is very expensive(STL containers), we prefer moving them instead of copying them, but C++ 11 doesn’t support it.

Fortunately, we can use bind as a workaround:

	vector<int> originalData{ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 };

	auto func = bind(
      [](vector<int>& data)
	  {
		  for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++)
		  {
			 cout << data[i] << " ";
		  }
	  },
	  move(originalData)
	);

	func();

The code is straightforward, we use std::bind to create a new function func, which is binded to a lambda. The lambda has one input and it’s defined by std::bind to be move(originalData).

So actually the input argument originalData is passed by bind function, when you are really calling func(), you don’t need to pass anything.